CROSS MY BORDER

The concept of the brain being a 'privileged' organ arose from experiments demonstrated that dyes injected into bloodstream stained organs strongly except the brain (Erlich P, 1885).

This observation came from a special barrier that did not allow penetration of hydrophilic molecules from blood to brain, and was shown to be at the level of the microvascular endothelium of the brain (Reese and Karnovsky, 1967). 
This is the foundation of the concept know as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).


BBB contains microvascular endothellial cells connected through tight junctions,
the perivascular space and the glia limitans. The perivascular space is filled with
lymphatic fluid draining from the brains parenchyma and perivascular cells.

The glia limitans is formed by astrocyte endfeet which separate the vasculature from
the brain parenchyma.
The glia limitans, or glial limiting membrane, is the outermost layer of proper
nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord, lying directly under the pia mater.


The BBB limits ionic and fluid movements between the brain and the
 bloodstream.
 It provides the brain with nutrients and is involved in the removal
of waste products; it creates a stable microenvironment for the
brain that is not subject to the strong fluctuations in ionic content
that can occur in the blood stream.

My blood for TBV:   

DAGENS OUTFIT

Åh vad snyggt! Vad kul att posta mode...

Karl Donaghue

Toscana Sheepskin Shrug

€371.85

Versace

Embellished silk-crepe gown

€17,007.38

Giuseppe Zanotti shoes

Leather and canvas boots

€1,117,00

 Den här har jag ju gjort själv?

Alexander MacQueen.

FRAKTALKINE

A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX₃C motif
J. Fernando Bazan^*, Kevin B. Bacon^†, Gary Hardiman^*, Wei Wang^†, Ken Soo^†, Devora Rossi^†, David R. Greaves^‡, Albert Zlotnik^† & Thomas J. Schall^†
Departments of^* Molecular Biology and ^† Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
^‡ Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK 




Chemokines direct the trafficking of white blood cells in immune surveillance, playing a key role in inflammatory and infectious diseases such as AIDS^1–5. 

All chemokines studied so far are secreted proteins of relative molecular mass 7K–15K and fall into three families that are defined by a cysteine signature motif: 

CXC, CC and C (refs 3, 6, 7), where C is a cysteine and X any amino-acid residue.

We report here the identification and characterization of a fourth human chemokine type, derived from non-haemopoietic cells and bearing a new CX₃C fingerprint. 


Unlike other chemokine types, the polypeptide chain of the human CX₃C chemokine is predicted to be part of a 373-aminoacid protein that carries the chemokine domain on top of an extended mucin-like stalk.

This molecule can exist in two forms: either membrane-anchored or as a shed 95K glycoprotein. The soluble CX₃C chemokine has potent chemoattractant activity for T cells and monocytes, and the cell-surface-bound protein, which is induced on activated primary endothelial cells, promotes strong adhesion of those leukocytes. 

The structure, biochemical features, tissue distribution and chromosomal localization of CX₃C chemokine all indicate that it represents a unique class of chemokine that may constitute part of the molecular control of leukocyte traffic at the endothelium.

OLGA WAS HERE

Kremlin cold red square frozen.

On the ICE spot circle. I look so calm and at peace... 
I was crunching my muscles, almost didn't dare to breath,
if I did I would fall immediately. 
It took me probably ten minutes to get into the circle and be able to stand.
Adventure.

So, so, so cold at St. Basil's Cathedral. Brrr! 
Here I could stand but not smile due to the cold,
that's why I look like a funny fish.

Can I GUM?

Which way?

Izvinitje, gde metro?!

I want to get out of the square!
Legs frozen to the ground....

RIDE

On my way home from work I found so many nice things! What a day and night!

And I got a ride in my favorite machine...

 Night club Tram 7.

Drunk people were singing, falling down on each other, screaming, vomiting or just sleeping.

SHITTALK

To think that the garbage can be so beautiful?

HOME AT LAST

Somebody please punch me, it's just too much!
I can't take it anymore...
I mean is this it?
Is this all?
Back and forth, back and forth...
Pay me a tribute.
Will I die putting my secret into the grave?
Nobody will know but me.
What if it gets lost on FB?

Why are you standing there starring at me?